The mathematical expression of probability as a number between 0 and 1 is fundamental to understanding statistics. For example, research articles will include a p-value expression such as "significance less than 0.001. This means that a probability of .001 (equivalent to 1/1000) corresponds to an event so rare that it occurs an average of only once in a thousand trials.
Illustrate and interpret the rare event rule for inferential statistics.
Determine the p-value? What does the p-value tell us?
Determine the author's conclusion based on that probability? Was their finding "unusual", if unusual is defined as p < .05? Explain.