1. Air (an ideal gas) enters a throttle at 70.0°F and 150. psia and exits at 14.7 psia in a steady flow, steady state, adiabatic, aergonic process. Determine the irreversibility rate per unit mass of air flowing through the throttle. The local environment (ground state) is 14.7 psia and 70.0°F.
2. Superheated steam at 1.30 kg/s, 0.0100 MPa, and 400.°C enters a horizontal, stationary, insulated diffuser with a velocity of 100. m/s. The friction and other irreversibilities within the nozzle cause the exit pressure to be 115% of that produced by an isentropic expansion.
Taking the local environment (ground state) to be that of saturated liquid water at 20.0°C, determine
a. The inlet specific flow availability.
b. The exit specific flow availability.
c. The irreversibility rate inside the diffuser.