Discussion:
Q: Suresh is comparing magazines and newspapers. He chooses a passage from one newspaper and one magazine. They each contain 100 words and he counts the lengths of all the words.
1. Write a hypothesis about the length of words in newspapers and magazines.
2. Design and carry out an investigation to test your hypothesis.
When doing this question make sure you look at these three things:
1. Specfy the problem and plan.
2. Collect process and represent data.
3. Interpret and discuss results.
You might need to attach some of it so I can download it. For instance, you may put the data onto the graphs to show the work. When doing the statistical analysis don't forget the range, mean, mode, median, averages, upper and lower quartiles. Write what you hope to achieve at the very beginning of this. I would like the information to be shown on a line graph and cumulative frequency diagram with a table or a pie chart, at least two of the three. At the end, have you proved what you set out to do?
1. Hypothesis: The average lengths of words in newspapers and magazines are approximately equal.
Sampling strategy: Sample continuous sets of 100 words on similar topics from one newspaper article and one magazine article.
Analysis strategy: perform a t-test to compare the estimated means.
2. Data collection. We selected one article from New York Times and two combined articles from Cosmopolitan. Use Microsoft Excel to count characters in the words. The Excel output is shown on the next page. Then we use Systat to determine the basic statistics and to build frequency plots..
NEWSP MAGAZ
N of cases 100 100
Minimum 1.000 1.000
Maximum 13.000 14.000
Range 12.000 13.000
Sum 506.000 468.000
Median 5.000 4.000
Mean 5.060 4.680
Mode 3.000 3.000
Lower Quartile 3.000 3.000
Upper Quartile 7.000 6.000
95% CI Upper 5.556 5.160
95% CI Lower 4.564 4.200
Std. Error 0.250 0.242
Standard Dev 2.498 2.420
Variance 6.239 5.856
C.V. 0.494 0.517
Skewness(G1) 0.867 1.278
SE Skewness 0.241 0.241
Kurtosis(G2) 0.964 2.322
SE Kurtosis 0.478 0.478
3. Results. Visually, the density plots show approximately identical distribution of word length in magazines and newspapers. To test our hypothesis rigorously, use a Z-test with a cutoff P-value of α=0.05.
From a Z-table, find P = 0.1379 > 0.05, and therefore we cannot reject the hypothesis that the length of the words are equal.Girls who admired their mothers' prairie skirts last year can now flounce through spring in their own. Triple-tiered like their adult counterparts, the new children's skirts combine patterns and colors to youthful effect. Bright pastel skirts by the Gap come in combinations of florals, stripes and checks, while Old Navy makes a similar version in pale, contrasting shades. Funky Kids offers a less ruffly alternative with tiny navy and red flowers. Petit Patapon goes in for a Western look with a patchwork of denim, khaki and pink plaid chambray trimmed with ribbon.
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