Question 1
The newborn infant has a number of __________ such as sucking, grasping, and rooting, which aid in his or her survival.
cognitive skills
traits
motor reflexes
inborn perceptual abilities
Question 2
__________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes whether people are steadfast and persevering, or fickle and careless.
Agreeableness versus antagonism
Extroversion versus introversion
Conscientiousness versus impulsiveness
Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience
Question 3
Dee Dee's parents place a high value on academic achievement, but her peers do not. In this situation, Dee Dee is most likely to:
split the difference and become an average student.
suffer psychological damage.
be more strongly influenced by the values of her parents.
be more strongly influenced by her peers.
Question 4
__________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.
Agreeableness versus antagonism
Extroversion versus introversion
Neuroticism versus emotional stability
Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience
Question 5
According to research discussed in your textbook, which of the following is true about resilience?
Most children do not recover from adversity.
There is something special and rare about people who can recover from adversity.
Those with an insecure attachment style recover more easily from adversity.
Children are fairly resilient to trauma, especially if they have easygoing temperaments or personality traits.
Question 6
Professor Benvolio's personality course emphasizes the importance of Gordon Allport's contributions to the field of psychology. Professor Benvolio would be most likely to agree that:
people fail to understand the power of culture on behavior, and so they attribute another person's mysterious actions to the individual's personality rather than cultural norms.
repression occurs when a person's own unacceptable or threatening feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else.
the price of free will is often anxiety and despair, which is why many people try to escape from freedom into narrow certainties.
most individuals have five to ten central traits that reflect a characteristic way of behaving, dealing with others, and reacting to new situations.
Question 7
When two psychologists surveyed 275 freshmen at Cornell University, they found that:
most of them had "secret lives" that they never revealed to their parents.
most of them had confessed at least one rule violation to their parents in the past year.
the women shared their "private selves" with parents but the men did not.
only stern and authoritarian parents had adolescents with "secret lives."
Question 8
________ is the cessation of menstruation and of the production of ova.
Menopause
Puberty
Menarche
Adrenarche
Question 9
The sensory abilities of newborn infants:
do not allow them to distinguish contrasts, shadows, or edges.
include the ability to see and hear, but not to discriminate tastes and smells.
include visual abilities that are much like that of an adult.
include the ability to discriminate smells, tastes, and sounds almost immediately.
Question 10
__________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are imaginative and questioning, or conforming and predictable.
Agreeableness versus antagonism
Extroversion versus introversion
Conscientiousness versus impulsiveness
Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience
Question 11
The Big Five personality traits are fairly stable throughout a person's life.
True
False
Question 12
The Big Five personality traits are influenced by maturation and aging.
True
False
Question 13
When tested for their sensory abilities, newborn babies have shown taste preferences for bananas and sugar water.
True
False
Question 14
Central traits are changeable aspects of personality, such as musical preferences, habits, and casual opinions.
True
False
Question 15
The Big Five personality traits represent all of the traits that make up personality.
True
False
Question 16
Gordon Allport was one of the most influential psychologists in personality theory.
True
False
Question 17
Women lose their fertility after menopause.
True
False
Question 18
Raymond B. Cattell advanced the study of personality by applying a statistical method called case-study analysis.
True
False
Question 19
Newborn infants do not have motor reflexes.
True
False
Question 20
Secondary traits are changeable aspects of personality, such as musical preferences, habits, and casual opinions.
True
False
Question 21
Three crucial aspects of the environment are parents, peers, and particular situations. How much, and in what ways, do each of these aspects contribute to personality?
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.