Assignment
Purpose
The purpose of this PowerPoint presentation is to provide an opportunity to develop a community health nursing intervention and evaluation plan for a community health problem that you identified in your community (described in Milestone 2: Vulnerable Population Assessment). You will apply the components of the nursing process to assist this vulnerable population and develop a proposal that could be presented to community leaders.
Course Outcomes
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.
1: Apply principles of nursing theory to the public health system by analyzing determinants of health and the public health intervention wheel.
2: Plan prevention and population-focused interventions for vulnerable populations using professional clinical judgment and evidence-based practice.
3: Evaluate the delivery of care for individuals, families, aggregates, and communities based on theories and principles of nursing and related disciplines.
Scenario
You are a community public health nurse (C/PHN) working with the vulnerable population you identified in Milestone 2. You will choose a specific community health role that would serve this population. You have analyzed the data collected from your windshield survey and vulnerable population assignments (the first two milestones) and identified one community health problem that a nurse can impact. Now, review the scholarly literature or scholarly websites listed below and identify one specific evidence-based nursing intervention that has the potential to improve the health of this group. Then develop a proposal to implement this intervention and a plan to evaluate the outcomes of this intervention. Create a PowerPoint that you could use to present to an organization in your community to request approval for funding and support for this intervention. (You are not required to implement the intervention or present your PowerPoint, though you may want to consider implementing your project in the future).
Directions
A. Introduction: (average of 2-3 slides)
• Describe the identified problem
o Include at least two important findings that demonstrate that this is a problem in your community.
• Describe your specific community health role: Some examples of roles are school nurse, parish nurse, home health nurse, occupational nurse, health department nurse etc.
• Identify the purpose of the presentation which is related to proposing a community health intervention and evaluation plan.
B. Identify an evidence based intervention: (average of 2-3 slides).
• Find an evidence-based nursing intervention from a peer-reviewed journal article OR one of the following databases. These databases evaluate research evidence about community health interventions. Be sure that your intervention is one that is recommended. Cite your source on the slide with the author or organization and year.
o Use at least one of the following to identify an evidence based intervention:
• A peer reviewed journal article demonstrating that your intervention has been successful
• The Community Guide. Choose one of the topics in the topic tab to find interventions.
• The CDC Community Health Improvement Navigator Database of Interventions
• Healthy People 2020 evidence-based interventions. Find a relevant topic area at (healthypeople website, click on that topic area, and then click on the "Interventions and Resources" tab to see the evidence-based interventions list for that topic area
• Provide a brief overview of your intervention.
• Discuss why this intervention is a good fit for your community (why you expect it to be effective in your community).
C. Intervention Implementation: (average of 3-4 slides).
Describe how you would implement your community health nursing intervention in your community
• Discuss the actions will you take as the community health nurse to accomplish this intervention.
o Relate your actions to the Public Health Intervention Wheel (Nies& McEwen, 2015, p. 14, Figure 1-3)
• Identify your target population.
• Describe how you will reach out to your target population.
• Include strategies to engage your target population.
• Describe where the intervention will take place.
• Identify when your intervention will take place
• Will it take place once or multiple times?
• Identify those in the community that you will collaborate with (e.g., physician's office, church, local resources, etc.).
• Explain what level(s) of prevention is your intervention addressing (primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention)?
D. Proposed Evaluation Methods: (average of 2-3 slides)
Your presentation must include at least one proposed quantitative or qualitative evaluation method that you would use to determine whether your intervention is effective. Outcome measurement is a crucial piece when implementing interventions.
• Describe the method you would use to evaluate whether your intervention was effective. (The Qualitative and Quantitative Education Methods handout can help with understanding qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluation).
• Identify the outcomes you would track to show whether your intervention works (eg. BMI would be one outcome you could track for a weight loss intervention).
• When would you measure these outcomes?
• Describe the short-term and long-term impact on your community if the intervention is successful.
E. Summary: (average 1 slide)
The summary should reiterate the main points of the presentation and conclude with what you are asking to be accomplished; for example, "Based on ABC, it is imperative our community has XYZ. Can we count on your support? Thank you for your consideration."
F. In addition to the slides described above, your presentation should include a title slide with your name and role and a reference slide. Cite all sources used with (Author, year) on the PowerPoint slide.
G. The slides should include the most important points in short bullet pointed phrases. Do not include full sentences or paragraphs on the PowerPoint slides. You may add additional comments in the notes section to clarify information for your instructor.
H. The slides should be visually appealing and not overcrowded. Use an interesting template and include some clipart or graphics for interest.
Reply to discussion posts
Just make it short and simple stating you agree to the discussion post or you want to add something to their post.
Discussion 1: I didn't know that low birth weight in my area was close to 10 percent of all newborns. As per the Environmental Protection Agency website these numbers surpass the national average. Most of the low birth weight infants are born prematurely and have a greater likelihood to develop physiological disorders that can contribute to death within the first year. Some of the factors impacting this issue are maternal hypertension, tobacco smoke exposure and insufficient weight gain during the woman's pregnancy.
A community health nurse is capable of educating the pregnant public about the negative effects of smoking on a fetus during gestation. Nurses can connect pregnant mothers with resources that previously were unknown to them such as food assistance programs. This would help address mothers that are eating unhealthy and unable to supply the fetus with proper nutrition. Nutritional counseling can be provided in order to help remove some of the factors that contribute to maternal hypertension, such as eating salty foods. Nurses working in planned parenthood and home health care can provide this type of patient support.
Discussion 2: I didn't know that under the Clean Water Act, state, tribal and federal agencies must monitor lakes, streams, rivers and other types of water bodies to determine water quality conditio. More specifically, I researched my zip code and found that the freshwater of the Santa Fe river quality is listed as Impaired. Lists that the cause of the impairment is dissolved oxygen, excess algae growth, and mercury in fish tissue.
As a community health nurse one of the best ways to address the concerns of contaminated water is by educating the public. Providing the most current information regarding how and why this specific area is listed as impaired. In doing so, it is equally important to reassure that the decrease in waste and waste management can help communities have cleaner water. Mercury waste management, as it is most commonly done today, in accordance with national and local regulations, increasingly requires long-term oversight and investment. Mercury (Hg) has long been recognized as a global pollutant, because it can remain in the atmosphere for more than 1 year (Li &Tse, 2015).
There are many other ways to prevent freshwater pollution:
• Plant plants use less water
• replace showerheads and faucet aerators with water efficient models
• choose nonphosphate or low phosphate detergents
• use a broom instead of water to clean your driveway
• recycle
• use natural fertilizers
• conserve water
• use non-toxic products
• use environmentally friendly things
Discussion 3: The Majority of countries in the world are part of the global market. This is made possible through globalization, a largely capitalistic competition where goods, money, and ideas flow easily to wherever there are customers (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, & Jones, 2013). Although the motto of a globalized system according to our textbook is "make money, not war", as China and Russia continue to transition into the market economies, it could bring the opposite effect. One of the great powers of a country is money and with market economies, comes more money. As these countries continue to make more money, they may feel more powerful and want to take over new lands. This can cause a war. Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, & Jones (2013) informs us that predictions that economic interdependency would prevent wars have proved false and the British-led globalization of the nineteenth century collapsed with World War I. Newly affluent countries often demand respect, resources, and territory (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, & Jones, 2013). Other countries should be rightfully worried about China and Russia, both are communist countries. Our textbook reminds us, "as China got richer, it combed the globe for oil and mineral deals and defined its borders more grandly, reaching far out into the South and East China Seas" (Roskin,Cord, Medeiros, & Jones, 2013, p.301)
Discussion 4: As the world changes, geopolitical orientation has provided vast new markets for countries to open trade barriers; these countries includes Russia and China. As these countries continues to expand into the global market, this could be a game changer for the global economy. "China is a giant by virtually any standard. Larger than the continental United States, it is home to more than 1.3 billion people-more than one-fifth of the earth's population. Although China is poor, its economy has been among the fastest growing in the world since 1980. That rapid growth is the result of a gradual shift toward a market capitalist economy" (Principles of Economics).
As these countries countries expand into the global market their impact can have both positive and negative on the world trade. "China has increased its economic standing in the global world exponentially since beginning its market reform in the late 1970s. In contrast, Russia's economy has seemingly declined since its transition to a capitalism in the early of 1990s. Therefore, it is widely acknowledged that China has been vastly more successful than Russia in its transition from a planned socialist economy to a market economy".
As these countries transitioned into the market economy, there is a potential for increase in manufacturing and trade in these countries. This is brought about by the outsourcing of jobs from developing countries to these countries due to low wages. This is a positive effect for the economies of China and Russia, as it will boost employment for the population as more firms will employ more workers, which will reduce the poverty levels and allow more of the citizens to live above the poverty line.
The negative effects is as these jobs are being moved away there is a disadvantage to developing countries such as United States as there will be increased unemployment among factory and manufacturing workers.
Another issue is the issue of cultural diversity; as more people continues to travel to and from these countries in greater numbers, there is going to be a cultural mix and the transformation of enormous amount of ideas globally. Also,sophisticated communication in the form of technology, have facilitated instantaneous communication across the globe which also has the potential to increase global awareness.
Discussion 5: Welfare is considered a government-funded program created to assist those who demonstrate the need for help (How US Welfare Services Can Be Used, n.d.). It is open to every US citizen who meets the eligibility requirements. There are two types of welfare in the US: social and economic. Social welfare includes programs that is intended to help disadvantaged people (How US Welfare Services Can Be Used, n.d.). Examples of social welfare include Medicaid, Medicare, and food stamps. Economic welfare focuses more on financial support, assisting families who have faced things such as unemployment or disability. Welfare assistance can range from support services, tax breaks, food stamps, housing assistance, and much more. Regardless of the type of welfare assistance, they both serve the same function: to prevent american citizens from living in a state of poverty and to help the unemployed find long term work (How US Welfare Services Can Be Used, n.d.).
Types of welfare in the United States date back to before the Great Depression. Programs such as the Civil War Pension Program, which was passed in 1862, provided aid to Civil War Veterans and their families who were in need (The History of Welfare, n.d.). When the Great Depression hit, many people were living in poverty. This is when the welfare system really grew and the government began assisting more and more people. Today, there are many welfare programs in the US, such as the Federal Student Financial Aid Program (FAFSA), which provides people with financial assistance to continue their education.
Welfare has faced many issues, such as welfare abuse and fraud. Welfare abuse and fraud have been long standing problems in the US since the begining. Over the years, many people have taken advantage of government funding programs for assistance that they are not entitled to. For example, when welfare first began, people who received food stamps would trade them on the streets for money (Edwards, C. &DeHaven, T., 2009). After realizing what was happening, the government switched the system to electronic based and fraud was significantly decreased. Another area that has faced abuse and fraud was the housing assistance programs. An example of this involves the Federal Housing Administration's mortgage loan insurance system. Lenders were abusing the system by issuing loans for more than the properties were worth (Edwards, et al., 2009). This type of fraud increased tax payers dollars in order to pay for the deficit caused. There are now programs created to investigate such fraud cases and abuse to prevent these types of things from occurring.
Discussion 6: According to our text, the welfare systems dates back to the Great Depression, when more than sixty percent of households were living in poverty, and has continuously endured changes to the present date (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros and Jones, 2014). Welfare is defined as, a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of pensions, grants and other benefits. These programs were established to prove aid in the form of money or programs that assist those individuals who were not able to support themselves. These programs were open to every US citizen, who met the eligibility requirements. Today, there are many welfare programs include Medicare, food stamps, SSI and Aid to Families with Dependent Children Program (AFDC). These support systems do not come without issues, which include abuse and fraud of benefits. One example; food stamps use to be issued in paper form until the government realized the recipients were selling them on the streets for money or drugs. As times have changed, more safeguards have been enacted to prevent fraud and abuse from occurring. Today, paper food stamps have been taken away and replaced with "debit cards", for better tracking of how benefits are spent. I believe the welfare system needs a total overhaul. I think it was intended to be a temporary stepping stones for individuals in need who have come on hard times and not meant to be a lifetime "career" for multiple generations of recipients.