1 Goodness-of-Fit: A New York Times /CBS News Poll typically involves the selection of random digits to be used for telephone numbers. The New York Times states that "within each (telephone) exchange, random digits were added to form a complete telephone number, thus permitting access to listed and unlisted numbers." When such digits are randomly generated, what is the distribution of those digits? Given such randomly generated digits, what is a test for "goodness-of-fit"?
Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking
Categorical Data: In what sense are the data in the table below categorical data? (The data are from Pfizer, Inc.)
Celebrex Ibuprofen Placebo
Nausea 145 23 78
No Nausea 4001 322 1786
Terminology: Refer to the table given in the Categorical Data exercise above. Why is that table referred to as a two-way table?
Cause/Effect: Refer to the Categorical Data exercise above. After analysis of the data in such a table, can we ever conclude that a treatment of Celebrex and/or Ibuprofen causes nausea? Why or why not?
Observed and Expected Frequencies: Refer to the Categorical Data exercise above. The cell with the observed frequency of 145 has an expected frequency of 160.490.
Describe what that expected frequency represents.