Discussion Question 1:
According to Jim Cummins, social language (BICS) takes 1-3 years while academic language (CALP) is more difficult and takes 5-8 years to develop. Describe the differences between BICS and CALP. How can teachers help English language learners develop academic language?
Discussion Question 2:
What are some of the greatest barriers preventing our schools from meeting the educational goals for ELL students today? Consider efforts that promote and/or suppress dual language or two-way bilingual initiatives and programs. What recommendations are offered in your readings that address those barriers? Who do you see as potential change agents for implementing those recommendations?