Assignment: Pathophysiology
Answer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.
Cardiovascular diseases are.......Coronary artery disease (CAD) is........ Cardiac arrhythmia is ......
I. Describe Major Circulation and Minor Circulation with its relationship with Cardiac cycle:
i. how the oxygenated blood come into heart and go out, and how deoxygenated blood get into the heart and go out
ii. how this blood is passing from chamber to chamber of heart and which valves are opening and closing during these events.
II. Describe what happen on each the chamber and valves of the left heart during left ventricle diastole and systole.
III. Why the left ventricle is the thickest chamber of the heart? (PPT Slide 10)
IV. Function of semilunar and atrioventricular valves.
V. Great vessels carrying oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to or form the heart.
VI. What is Coronary circulation? What is collateral arteries circulation?
VII. Describe the circulation system of the heart
VIII. What means in a Heartbeat ekg these waves and segments?
IX. P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, ST Segment, T wave.
X. Concepts for Preload, Afterload, Ejection Fraction, and Cardiac Output.
XI. Related to Myocardial Contractility: what is Inotropism and mention examples for Positive Inotropic and negative inotropic.
XII. Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity over the heart.
XIII. Features of Arteries, Capillaries and Veins.
XIV. How Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system can control Blood Pressure?
XV. What is the Lymphatic System and what is its function?
XVI. What happen to arteries during aging process?
XVII. What happen to get Varicosities veins and what are its outcomes?
XVIII. What is DVT? D-Dimer test, what is measured on this test?
XIX. What is an aneurysm? True vs False Aneurysm?
XX. How are arterial thrombus created?
XXI. Embolism concept. Types of embolism.
XXII. Atherosclerosis, how it occurs?
XXIII. What is PAD? Symptoms.
XXIV. How happens coronary artery disease? Dyslipidemia's role in CAD.
XXV. Angina vs Unstable Angina vs Myocardial Infarction.
XXVI. Concepts for: Acute Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion.
XXVII. What is Cardiomyopathy.
XXVIII. Endocardium Disorders: Valves Malfunctioning, what is stenosis and insufficiency (regurgitation)?
XXIX. What happen and symptoms for Mitral and Aortic Stenosis and Insufficiency?
XXX. What is Rheumatic Fever? Which most affected valve?
XXXI. Infective endocarditis: Pathogenesis
XXXII. Heart Failure: concept, pathogenesis.
XXXIII. What is Systolic vs Diastolic Heart Failure.
Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
i) The answer should be typed, using Times New Roman font (size 12), double spaced, with one-inch margins on all sides.
ii) The response also includes a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
iii) Also include a reference page. The Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.