Xavier has developed a lab experiment to test the hypotheses of his study. In lab experiments, control and manipulation are introduced to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables in an artificial setting.
Part a. Describe how Xavier manipulates the independent variable and the moderating variable in this study.
Part b. Although Xavier has pretested the manipulation of product involvement, he has also included a manipulation check for involvement in his study. Why would he have done that?
You have just read an article (Hetherington and MacDiarmid, 1993) that shows that 92% of the chocolate addicts are female. Hence, you suspect that gender is a nuisance factor in this study (recall that candy bars feature in the low involvement movies).