Describe how each of the following is important to

Question

1. Describe how each of the following is important to horizontal variations in air pressure.
   1. Cold air vs warm air
   2. Humid vs dry air
   3. Convergence
2. Wind is created by differences in _______.
3. When isobars are close to each other on a weather map, this area of the map has a _______ pressure gradient.  When isobars are farther apart, the area has a _______ pressure gradient.  A high pressure gradient causes _______ winds.
4. Winds go from _______ pressure to _______ pressure.
5. What is the Coriolis effect?  What effect does it have on winds?
6. The cyclone is a _______ (high or low) pressure center.  Air movement on the surface of the Earth is _______ (away from or toward) the center of the cyclone.  Explain why the cyclone doesn't build up pressure in its center.
7. Why is a low pressure associated with storms? Be detailed.
8. List the three scales of winds and give an example of each.
9. In Iowa, the macroscale planetary winds are typically the westerlies.  Explain why we often feel winds coming from some other direction and not just from the west.
10.  What is the jet stream?  Where do we find it?  Why is it significant?
11. Look at the ocean currect map (fig 7-21 if you are using the 12th or 13th editions of the textbook) in your textbook.  Why is London relatively warm, even though it is so far north?  Why is the northwest side of Africa relatively cool?  How does this help this part of Africa stay "dry"?
12. Describe in words what occurs in the Pacific Ocean (be detailed) that causes El Nino. What effect does this tend to have on us in the Midwest (Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Illinois, etc.)?
13. What two criteria must be met for an area to be an air-mass source region?
14. During winter, polar air masses are cold.  Which should be the coldest, a wintertime mP air mass or a wintertime cP air mass?  Explain your choice.
15. Which air mass is responsible for the following?
    1. Lake effect snow
    2. Drought in Missouri
    3. Rains in the winter in Washington state and British Columbia, Canada 
    4. The Nor'easters
    5. Relatively cool, calm and dry weather in summer in Boston
    6. Thunderstorms and tornadoes in the Midwest in May
    7. The first frost in the fall in Iowa