Questions:
1)Assume that the central bank pays an interest on the excess reserves and the discount rate is above the federal funds rate. "An open market purchase of bonds by the Fed always decreases the federal funds rate". Is this statement true, false or uncertain. Explain clearlyusing the supply¬demand analysis of the market for reserves.
2)Using the supply and demand analysis of the market for reserves, indicate what happens to the federal funds rate, borrowed reserves, and non¬borrowed reserves, holding everything else constant, under the following situations.
a) The economy is surprisingly strong, leading to an increase in the amount of checkable deposits.
b) Banks expect an unusually large increase in withdrawals from checking deposit accounts in the future.
c) The Fed raises the target federal funds rate.
d) The fed raises the interest rate on reserves above the current equilibrium federal funds rate.
e) The fed reduces reserve requirements.
f) The Fed reduces reserve requirements, and sterilizes this by conducting an open market sale of securities.
3)If the Fed has an interest rate target, why will an increase in the demand forreserves usually lead to a rise in the money supply? Use a graph of the market for reserves toexplain.
4)a) In the formula we derived in class for IS curve, we assumed that the net exports is not a function interest rate. Now suppose that the net exports, NX, is an inverse function of interest rate, that is, , where and are constant parameters. Derive the IS curve again (the relationship between r and y in which goods market is in equilibrium).
b) Consider an economy described by the following:
The notation is the same as one used in class (specially for MP curve: ).
b1) Derive expressions for IS, MP and AD curves.
b2) Assume that inflation is 1% (). What is the real interest rate, equilibrium level of output, consumption, planned investment and net exports?
b3) Suppose the Fed increases to . Calculate the new level of interest rate, equilibrium level of output, consumption, planned investment, and net exports.
c) Considering the output, consumption, planned investment, and net exports all decreased, why might the Fed choose to increase ?
5) Classify each of the following as a supply or demand shock. Use a graph toshow the effects on inflation and output in the short run and the long run.
a) Financial frictions increase.
b) Households and firms become more optimistic about the economy.
c) Favorable weather produces a record crop of wheat and corn in the Midwest.
d) Steel workers go on strike for 4 weeks.