Define each of the following terms:
a. Proxy; proxy fight; takeover; preemptive right; classified stock; founders' shares
b. Closely held corporation; publicly owned corporation
c. Secondary market; primary market; going public; initial public offering (IPO)
d. Intrinsic value (ˆP0); market price (P0)
e. Required rate of return, rs; expected rate of return, ˆrs; actual, or realized, rate of return, rs
f. Capital gains yield; dividend yield; expected total return
g. Normal, or constant, growth; supernormal, or non-constant, growth; zero growth stock
h. Equilibrium; Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH); three forms of EMH
i. Preferred stock