Which of the following negatively influence the contractility of the myocardium, thus decreasing stroke volume?
A) Increased preload primarily to an increase in end diastolic volume
B) Increased epinephrine release
C) Decreased sympathetic activity
D) None of the above
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________
We can use an ECG to predict the mechanical events of the heart. The T-wave corresponds to which of the following mechanical events?
A) Ventricular depolarization
B) Relaxation of the ventricular muscle
C) Ventriclular repolarization
D) B and C
E) A and C
Methoxamine is an alpha-receptor agonist. If you were to administer this drug directly onto the larger veins (those containing a layer of smooth muscle) which of the following effects would you expect?
A decrease in venous return resulting in a decrease in stroke volume
Increased stroke volume caused by an increase in venous return
Decreased force of contraction of the heart
No significant affect will be observed
Arterial smooth muscle is predominately innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. This system is responsible for vasodilation AND vasoconstriction. Which of the following conclusions can you make?
A. A decreased release of norepinephrine will result in a decrease in vessel resistance
B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine will both always elicit the same response regardless of which receptor is stimulated
C. The vascular smooth muscle is under tonic control of the sympathetic nervous system
D. A and C
E. A, B and C
Predict how each of the following scenarios will shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociate curve - Each option may be used more than once or not at all.
Right
Left
No change
10. Increased plasma concentration of H+
11. Decreased PCO2 in the plasma
12. Increased production of red blood cells (RBC)
Place the events of O2 exchange between the alveolus and the pulmonary capillary in order. 1. PO2 of plasma matches PO2 of alveolus
2. Movement of fresh air from the atmosphere into the alveolus
3. O2 diffuses from the alveolus to blood plasma
4. O2 binds to hemoglobin
A. 2, 3, 4, 1
B. 2, 1, 3, 4
C. 2, 4, 3, 1
D. 2, 3, 1, 4
You have just landed on a strange, NEW planet. Your intrigue has led you to collect and analyze a gas sample. Below are the results of your analysis,
PO2 = 187 mmHg
PCO2 = 20 mmHg PH2O = 0 mmHg PN2 = 15 mmHg
What is the total pressure in the surrounding environment and what gas law did you use to arrive at your answer?
A. 222 mmHg, Boyle's law
B. 760 mmHg, Dalton's law
C. 760 mmHg, Boyle's law
D. 222 mmHg, Dalton's law
What is the percentage of O2 on this NEW planet?
A. 20.93%
B. 84.2%
C. 118%
D. not enough information to tell
How would the Hb-saturation curve shift if a person from earth were to breathe this planet's atmosphere?
A. Bohr shift to the left, increasing O2 unloading
B. Bohr shift to the right, decreasing O2 unloading
C. Bohr shift to the left, decreasing O2 unloading
D. Bohr shift to the right, increasing O2 unloading
Damage leading to a thickening of the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium could result in which of the following?
A. A significant drop in blood volume resulting in a decrease in blood pressure
B. Inability to hormonally regulate Na+ reabsorption
C. No glucose in the urine
D. None of the above
E. All of the above