Cues for listening comprehension. In speaking, we often signal a shift to the next step in the discussion by saying things like "Let's talk about ..." or "Finally, ..." These are "discourse-signaling cues." Do such cues help listeners better comprehend a second language? One study of this question involved 80 Korean learners of English as a foreign language.16 Half of the 80 learners listened to a lecture in English with discourse-signaling cues, and the other half heard the same lecture without cues. After the lecture, half of each group were asked to summarize information from the lecture and the other half simply to recall information. Here are the group means and two-way ANOVA table for one response variable, a measure of comprehension of high-level information:
Use this information to comment on the impact of discoursesignaling cues and the type of task performed. (Assume that the data satisfy the conditions for ANOVA.)