Problem 1: From what different perspectives do these sources represent the scramble for Africa? What criticisms and justifications of the scramble can you read in them?
Problem 2: In what different ways are Europeans and Africans portrayed in these sources?
Problem 3: Scholars have sometimes argued that the scramble for Africa was driven less by concrete economic interests than by emotional, even romantic, notions of national grandeur and personal adventure. In what ways do these sources support or challenge this interpretation?
Problem 4: How do these sources deal with issues of morality or visions of right and wrong?