Criminal justice agencies typically operate under the pretense that all of their members are one color, and that the uniform or job makes everyone brothers or sisters. Many members of diverse ethnic and racial groups particularly African Americans, do not agree that they are consistently treated with respect, and believe that there is institutional racism in criminal justice. Caucasians clearly dominate the command ranks of criminal justice agencies. Discuss whether you believe this disparity is the result of subtle forms of institutional racism, or actual conscious efforts on the part of the persons empowered to make decisions. Consider whether tests and promotional processes give unfair advantage to white applicants, and whether they discriminate against departmental employees of other races and ethnicities. Do officers from diverse groups discriminate against members of other, different cultures?