The Toulmin Model
Claim- an assertion
Support- data that is used as evidence, reasons for, or grounds for the claim
Warrant- the assumption shared by speaker and audience (links the claim to the support)
Backing- additional data used to support the warrant
Qualifier- restricts the claim and limits its range, sets boundaries for the strength of the warrant (usually, probably, in most cases, most likely, frequently, under these circumstances, etc.)
Reservation- explains the terms and conditions set forth by the qualifier
Rebuttal- voices objections that could refute/rebut the claim
Create a Toulmin Model that bases a claim of fact on one of these factual hypothesis questions:
- Are humans too dependent on their computers?
- Is the death penalty effective and justifiable?
- Is standardized testing a fair measure of public school efficiency?
- Are athletes and actors paid too much?
- Are current immigration laws effective?
First, go online and find an example of support for your claim.
Next, list the following Toulmin criteria for your claim:
Claim (based on one of the questions above)
Support
Warrant
Backing
Qualifier
Reservation
Rebuttal