Consider the following information: n1 = 10, n2 = 13 and R = 8, where R is the number of runs, n1 and n2 are the number of elements in a sequence possessing and not possessing a certain attribute, and n1 + n2 = n.
a. Specify the competing hypotheses in order to test for nonrandomness.
b. What is the value of the test statistic?
c. Calculate the p-value.
d. At the 5% significance level, are the observations nonrandom?