Question: (a) Compare validation in simulation to the validation of theories in the physical sciences.
(b) Compare the issues involved and the techniques available for validation of models of physical systems versus models of social systems.
(c) Contrast the difficulties, and compare the techniques, in validating a model of a manually operated warehouse with fork trucks and other manually operated vehicles, versus a model of a facility with automated guided vehicles, conveyors, and an automated storage-and-retrieval system.
(d) Repeat (c) for a model of a production system involving considerable manual labor and human decision making, versus a model of the same production system after it has been automated.