Answer one of the following questions in 200-300 words.
1- Compare the degrees of integration in various regions of the Amreicas- South America (Chimu Empire), Mesoamerica (Toltecs), and North America (Cahokiaj).
2- Compare the trans-Saharan trade of the Mande-speaking peoples of West Africa and the later Mali Empire that developed there with the Indian Ocean trade of the Shona-speaking peoples of East Africa. What goods were traded and what was the impact of that trade on these two regions of Africa?
3- Analyze the role of philosophical and religious developments-both elite, like humanism, and popular movements, like the Red Turban Movement in China-in politics from 1300-1500 and explain how they provided both continuity and change in each society.
4- Explain how the Ottomans employed institutions such as Topkapi Palace and the devshirme system to consolidate their power?