1. Compare and explain the reason(s) for the difference in image magnification levels between optical (light) microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
2. What is meant by “sample charging”, with electron microscopes and why is it an issue? How can it be prevented.
3. When using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), what are secondary electrons primarily use for, and why? What are back-scattered electrons used for, and what are x-rays used for?
4. Briefly describe two methods of biological sample preparation for SEM analysis. Comment on the pros and cons of the methods you have chosen.
5. Describe what is meant by “characteristic x-rays”, and list a few examples where an incorrect elemental composition might be obtained by using these x-rays.