Cells without proteins do not function and synthesis of these molecular machines starts at the DNA level. Transcription of DNA into RNA and translation of the latter into protein is accomplished during gene expression. This process happens in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In cell biology research, the gene gfp (green fluorescent proteins), isolated from jellyfish, is an important tool used in mammalian cells to track eukaryotic proteins. This is done by fusing gfp gene to a gene-of-interest and reintroducing the modified gene back into the cell. (When DNA from different species DNA are joined, the newly made molecule is called recombinant DNA.)
- Based on your understanding of gene expression, which property related to gene expression allows foreign genes (for example jellyfish gene - gfp) to be expressed into proteins in human (or bacterial) cells? (Assume the gene is already introduced into human cells - hint: think about codons and corresponding amino acids)
- Describe the process for introducing and expressing a human gene into bacterial cells (use your openstax biology book or an online reference - A flow diagram is helpful and keep your answer brief).
- Provide two clinically important products that have been produced using recombinant DNA technology.
- In agriculture, biotechnology is used to engineer crops that resist insects, viruses, weeds, or express certain nutrients.
- Provide one example of a genetically modified organism (GMO) (other than corn or soy) used as food. Make sure to indicate the genetic modification.
- Are there any drawbacks from eating GMOs food? (Provide a rationale for your answer).