Cells carry out many chemical processes, some of which produce toxic by-products. If you were designing a cell from known components, which of the following would provide the best method of protecting the cell from its own toxic by-products while allowing it to complete the chemical reactions necessary for life?
a. modify the cell membrane so that the toxin could diffuse to the outside of the cell but not reenter
b. isolate the toxin-producing reactions within an organelle
c. improve the photosynthetic process to produce more energy
d. devise a noncarbon-based cellular chemistry