Assignment
Carefully planning a new application pays benefits throughout the development process. As you map out a new program, try to think about the "big picture," and not get wrapped up in the coding details right away. In fact, you map out a new program in the same way you would map a long road trip: Start with the major roads between your point of origin and your destination. A county or state map works well, as does an online map zoomed out enough to allow you to see the entire route. This sort of map lacks detail-you cannot see if there is a grocery store at the corner in Ortonville in case you get the munchies-but that is not the purpose. You can worry about restaurants and sights once you get closer to your destination.
In the context of programming, UML class diagrams provide an overview of your programming goal without wrapping yourself around the metaphorical axle. UML class diagrams list the two essential components of a class: its fields and its methods. Consider the UML diagram below, which represents the TicketMachine class in your reading. Notice that a horizontal line separates the fields (above) from the methods (below). The symbols preceding each line indicate whether the fields or methods are designated private (-) or public (+).
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TicketMachine
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- price : int
- balance : int
- total : int
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+ getPrice() : int
+ getBalance() : int
+ insertMoney (int amount) : void
+ printTicket() : void
+ refundBalance() : int
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Think about a machine with which you are familiar, whether it be an ATM or the coffee machine at your office. All machines take some sort of input, generate an output, and can be described by some state. In the case of the TicketMachine class, input is provided via the insertMoney() method, output is generated by methods such as getPrice() and printTicket(), and the state is described by fields like balance. Think about the methods and fields that would best characterize your machine if it were a Java class, including the variable and return types for each.