Question: Calculate Lead Time Williams Optical Inc. is considering a new just-in-time product cell. The present manufacturing approach produces a product in four separate steps. The production batch sizes are 40 units. The process time for each step is as follows: Process Step 1 6 minutes Process Step 2 10 minutes Process Step 3 6 minutes Process Step 4 8 minutes The time required to move each batch between steps is 8 minutes. In addition, the time to move raw materials to Process Step 1 is also 8 minutes, and the time to move completed units from Process Step 4 to finished goods inventory is 8 minutes. The new just-in-time layout will allow the company to reduce the batch sizes from 40 units to 5 units. The time required to move each batch between steps and the inventory locations will be reduced to 2 minutes. The processing time in each step will stay the same. Determine the value-added, non-value-added total lead times, and the value-added ratio under the present and proposed production approaches. If required, round percentages to one decimal place. Present Approach Proposed Approach 30 min 30 min Value-added time 30 min 1320 3 min Non-value-added time Total lead time Value-added ratio (as a percent) 18.75.