Problem
• The inter-state system recognizes special responsibilities to individuals seeking asylum outside their country of origin. At the same time, states have enacted policies to prevent asylum-seekers reaching their borders. David FitzGerald describes this as the "Catch 22 of asylum policy"
o Drawing on Jason de Leon's book (The Land of Open Graves), the story of the Mardini sisters (The Swimmers) construct an argument about why this Catch-22 has emerged and examine its effects on nation-states, asylum seekers, and the broader international order.
o In your conclusion, briefly reflect on the ethical and political implications of contemporary border enforcement policies.