Problem
A. List and briefly explain the 7 properties of life with examples.
B. Briefly explain the hierarchy of the biological organization
C. List and briefly the different parts of a research paper.
D. Define atoms, elements, compounds, and trace elements.
E. Define atomic mass and atomic number.
F. What are isotopes and radioisotopes? Explain any two uses of radioisotope in biology.
G. When an atomic structure is given, be able to tell if it is an atom or ion, its valency, if it is metal or whether it will react.
H. list and briefly explain the four types of chemical bonds.
I. Briefly explain what proteins are made up of and what type of bond is present between the units
J. Briefly explain the functions of proteins in the body
K. Briefly explain the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of protein and the force causing such a formation.
L. Briefly explain the name of all cell organelles and one function each.
M. Briefly explain the meaning of cellular respiration, where it occurs, the role of NAD and FAD
N. From the reaction sequence of glycolysis, you should be able to tell what the starting substance is, what is the final product; how many ATPs are produced from one molecule of glucose, and what is the role of lactic acid formation.
O. Briefly explain to answer questions such as how many ATPs are produced as a pair electron flow from NADH to oxygen or FADH2 to oxygen.
P. What is the meaning of recombinant DNA technology?
Q. Meaning of gene cloning.
R. Steps involved in gene cloning
S. Meaning of plasmid, restriction enzyme, or restriction endonuclease. Transformation,
T. Describe DNA electrophoresis in terms of where you would load The NA sample, anode side or cathode side, and why? What are the three factors on which the migration of DNA depends upon? What is the role of Ethidium bromide in the gel? What is the name of the gel?
U. Should be able to cut if a strand of given DNA would be palindromic.
V. Should be able to cut the double-stranded DNA with a given enzyme or two enzymes (lab 11)
W. Why do we do PCR?
X. Explain how fossil dating, homologous organs, vertebrate embryos, vestigial organs and molecular sequence [lab 13] support organic evolution.