As Bergen's book demonstrates, Nazi violence against the Jews between 1933 and 1945 can be divided into four different time periods. In each of these periods there were different measures against the Jews, and different goals for these measures (different perceptions of what should be done with the Jews). Each of these periods occurred in a different stage of Nazi control over Europe. What are the different time periods? What are the different measures taken against the Jews in each of them, and what are the different circumstances, objectives for them?