1. All individuals regardless of fitness level, require a resting cardiac output of approximately 5 L/min. Average Joe, a relatively inactive college student, has an average resting heart rate of 72 bpm, while super Jane, an elite marathon runner, has an average resting heart rate of 48 bpm. Calculate the stroke volume at rest for both, Joe and Jane.
2. A patient with risk factors for heart disease undergoes a series of tests. Her stroke volume is found to be 0.05 L/min. her end-diastolic volume is 135 ml. What is her end-systolic volume? What is her ejection fraction (EF).Is this a normal ejection fraction (why or why not?). If the EF is not normal give a possible explanation for the alteration in EF.
3. Obesity can be a predisposing factor to developing primary hypertension. How might obesity contribute to high blood pressure? What are the three factors that determine resistance to flow?