1. According to the matching law, if presented with concurrent VR 20 and VR 60 schedules, what percentage of a subject's responses will be made on the VR 20 schedule?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 0%
D. Either a or c
2. According to optimization theory, if presented with concurrent VR 20 and VR 60 schedules, what percentage of a subject's responses will be made on the VR 20 schedule?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 0%
D. Either a or c
3. Cases in which people choose a small immediate reinforcer instead of a larger delay reinforcer can be viewed as evidence:
A. against optimization theory.
B. against momentary maximizing theory.
C. against the Ainslie-Rachlin theory.
D. supporting optimization theory.
4. According to melioration theory, if presented with concurrent VR 20 and VR 60 schedules, what percentage of a subject's responses will be made on the VR 20 schedule?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 0%
D. Either a or c
5. Pigeons are more likely to choose a more desirable but delayed reinforcer instead of an immediate but less desirable reinforcer if:
A. both reinforcers are visible during the delay period.
B. stimuli associated with the reinforcers are present during the delay period.
C. some other, irrelevant behavior can be performed during the delay period.
D. All of the above
6. In a two-choice situation for pigeons, the left key has a VI schedule that delivers 60 reinforcers per hour, and the right key has a VI schedule that delivers 20 reinforcers per hour. The matching law predicts that a pigeon will make __________ of its responses on the left key.
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
7. The tragedy of the commons can be averted by:
A. setting legal limits on how much the community's resources can be used.
B. charging fees for the use of the community's resources.
C. encouraging individuals to consider the long term consequences of their actions for the community as a whole.
D. All of the above