1. According to Deming, the concept of "constancy of purpose" refers to:
focusing on quarterly results and profits
never changing...if you have good quality, that's good enough.
Focusing on the long term success of the organization with continuous improvement.
driving fear out of the organization.
2. A low price leader would typically have:
higher initial engineering and design costs
higher worker skills and complex scheduling
flexible production and extra capacity
high volume with little or no variation, standardized work.