A. According to Patrick Dawson, to understand change, organizations must consider:
1. replacing old staff with new ones.
2. only the future context in which organizations are expected to function.
3. the substance of the change itself.
B. In organizational communication, _____ includes coding and decoding problems and errors, perceptual filters, and any other distractions that damage the integrity of the communication channel.
1. ambiguity
2. noise
C. According to Cummings and Worley, organization development (OD) practitioners need _____ skills, which include having a well-developed set of values and personal integrity and the ability to retain their own health in high-stress organizational situations.
1. intrapersonal
2. consultation
D. The primary background of Likert's organization development (OD) model is:
1. National Training Laboratories (NTL) and T-groups
2. Strategic change
3. Participative management