QUESTION 1
A response is learned most rapidly and is most resistant to extinction if it is acquired under conditions of
A. secondary reinforcement followed by primary reinforcement.
B. primary reinforcement followed by secondary reinforcement.
C. continuous reinforcement followed by partial reinforcement.
D. partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement.
QUESTION 2
A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)
A. specified number of responses has been made.
B. unpredictable number of responses has been made.
C. unpredictable time period has elapsed.
D. specified time period has elapsed.
QUESTION 3
An organism learns associations between events it does not control during the process of
A. classical conditioning.
B. operant conditioning.
C. shaping.
D. negative reinforcement.
QUESTION 4
Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.
A. variable-ratio; fixed-ratio
B. fixed-ratio; variable-interval
C. fixed-interval; variable-ratio
D. fixed-ratio; variable-ratio
QUESTION 5
Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.
A. negative
B. delayed
C. conditioned
D. intermittent
QUESTION 6
To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise, operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you
A. avoid trying to keep track of exactly how much you have exercised in a specific weekly period.
B. congratulate yourself even when you fail to fulfill your specific exercise goals.
C. never reward yourself with a light snack after achieving specific exercise goals.
D. specify your exercise goals and inform some close friends of your goals.
QUESTION 7
Giving a hungry rat food for pressing a bar before the rat has a chance to engage in other incidental behaviors like running or scratching best illustrates
A. intermittent reinforcement.
B. secondary reinforcement.
C. immediate reinforcement.
D. respondent behavior.
QUESTION 8
A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after an unpredictable period of time is a ________ schedule.
A. variable-ratio
B. variable-interval
C. fixed-ratio
D. fixed-interval