A process vessel is to be designed for the maximum operating pressure of 800 kPa. The vessel has a nominal diameter (0.D.) of 1.5 m. It is made of IS: 2002-1962 grade 28 quality steel having allowable design stress of 120 MPa, at working temperature. Use weld joint efficiency of 0.85.
(i) Find the standard thickness of plate to fabricate this vessel.
(ii) Find out thickness of flat head (head is flanged and butt welded to shell).
(iii) Find out thickness of a conical head having half apex angle of 45°.
(iv) Find out thickness of the plate required to fabricate a torispherical head for this vessel. It is assumed that there is no uncompensated opening in the head. Specifications of the head are as follows: Ri = Do; ri = 0.05 Do; Sf = 30 mrn.