A positive thing about hierarchical organizational design is:
a. Hierarchy is often associated with reducing costs of coordination in the organization, and thus might be a good choice for some cost leaders
b. Hierarchy is an excellent organizational design when the top management wants to avoid creating a loosely-coupled company: because tightly-coupled designs are more reliable when the industry undergoes rapid changes
c. When a company is organized as a tall hierarchy, it precludes excessive centralization of the managerial decision-making
d. There is nothing positive about hierarchies, so companies should strive to make their structures as flat as possible