An issue in computer security is the concept of externality. This is a term from economics. It means the cost of a decision is borne by people other than those taking the decision. For example, in the case of botnets, the 'costs' include (amongst others) DoS attacks and spam. Arguably, they are caused by the decision of users not using secure/updated systems (the decision), which imposes a cost on others.
(a) Consider all the security issues we have talked about. Which can you phrase in terms of externalities?
(b) A common solution to externalities is regulation. Discuss possible solutions to the externalities you noted above.
Answer them with 500 words separately.