(a) Explain the importance of the Euler Totient function in Cryptography. Calculate Euler Totient function value, φ(1280).
(b) Explain the role of the Authentication Server (AS) and Ticket Granting Server (TGS) in Kerberos.
(c) Explain the following terms as used in cryptography:
(i) Avalanche effect
(ii) Digital Signature
(iii) Stream Cipher
(iv) Confusion
(v) Message Digest (5
(d) Briefly describe the advantages and drawbacks of quantum cryptography.
(e) Briefly describe the triple DES cipher, stating its practical implementation, advantages and disadvantages.