A certain laboratory animal used in preclinical evaluations of experimental catheters gives birth to only one offspring at a time. The probability of giving birth to a male or a female offspring is equally likely. In three consecutive pregnancies of a single animal, what is the probability of giving birth to: (a) two males and one female, (b) no females, (c) two males first and then a fe- male, and (d) at least one female. State how the four probabilities are different from one another. For the foregoing scenario, note all of the possible birth outcomes in addition to (a) through (d).