Question 1 A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth?
a. Neoplasm
b. Lipoma
c. Meningioma
d. Hypertrophy
Question 2 During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:
a. Opsonins
b. Acute phase reactants
c. Antibodies
d. Phagolysosome
Question 3 Which of the following hormones activates adrenergic receptors?
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Epinephrine
d. Somatotropin
Question 4 A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. She has developed muscle wasting. Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells and cause muscle wasting?
a. Interleukin-6
b. Eosinophils
c. Tumor necrosis factor
d. Platelets
Question 5 While planning care for children with cancer, which information should the nurse remember? Most childhood cancers originate from the:
a. Placenta
b. Environment
c. Mesodermal germ layer
d. Neural tube
Question 6 A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?
a. Eosinophils
b. Neutrophils
c. Leukotrienes
d. Monocytes
Question 7 A 10-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting wheezing and difficulty breathing. History reveals that both of the child's parents suffer from allergies. Which of the following terms would be used to classify the child?
a. Desensitized
b. Atopic
c. Hyperactive
d. Autoimmune
Question 8 A 3-year-old is making play cakes in a sandbox and is eating the play cakes. The sand was also being used by cats as a litter box and was contaminated with toxoplasmosis. Which of the following would most likely also be present?
a. Granuloma formation
b. Degranulation
c. Blood clots
d. Exudate production
Question 9 Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:
a. Epinephrine and aldosterone
b. Norepinephrine and cortisol
c. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. Cortisol and aldosterone
Question 10 A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:
a. Immunodeficiency
b. Autoimmunity
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Tissue-specific hypersensitivity
Question 11 A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is:
a. Hypergammaglobulinemia
b. Increased maternal IgG
c. Immune insufficiency
d. Decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity
Question 12 An 8-year-old female presents with edema of the cutaneous and mucosal tissue layers. Her mother reports that the condition is recurrent and seems to occur more often during stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with hereditary angioedema. Which of the following is deficient in this child?
a. C1 esterase inhibitor
b. Carboxypeptidase
c. Neutrophils
d. Plasmin
Question 13 Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and _____ is not successful.
a. Fight or flight
b. Alarm
c. Adaptation
d. Arousal
Question 14 Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?
a. 18-year-old with diabetes
b. 70-year-old with congestive heart failure
c. 24-year-old who is immunocompromised
d. 30-year-old with pneumonia
Question 15 A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?
a. Gastric cancer
b. Leukemia
c. Lung cancer
d. Adenocarcinoma of the colon
Question 16 Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma?
a. Dark complexion, light eyes, underweight
b. Light complexion, dark eyes, overweight
c. Medium complexion, light eyes, smoker
d. Light complexion, light eyes, fair hair
Question 17 When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:
a. Urticaria
b. Hives
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Question 18 When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the nurse expect?
a. Bronchial dilation
b. Edema
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Constipation
Question 19 A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure, pupil dilation, "goose bumps," and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumor?
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine
d. Cortisol
Question 20 An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?
a. Interleukin-1
b. Interleukin-6
c. Interleukin-10
d. Interferons (INFs)
Question 21 While planning care, a nurse recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:
a. IgE-mediated reactions
b. Tissue-specific reactions
c. Antigen-antibody complexes
d. Type II hypersensitivity reactions
Question 22 A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fatigue, excessive sweating, and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into the category of type _____ hypersensitivity.
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
Question 23 When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
a. A reduced immune response found in most pathologic states
b. A normal immune response to an infectious agent
c. An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen
d. Antigenic desensitization
Question 24 A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons' cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing?
a. Serum sickness
b. Raynaud phenomenon
c. Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
d. Arthus reaction
Question 25 A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Question 26 The nurse would correctly identify the medical term for ringworm as:
a. Impetigo
b. Tinea corporis
c. Thrush
d. Psoriasis
Question 27 A 20-year-old female presents with vaginal itch and thin-walled pustular lesions. She is diagnosed with candidiasis. This condition is caused by a:
a. Yeast
b. Fungus
c. Bacterium
d. Virus
Question 28 A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?
a. Anti-LE antibodies
b. Antinuclear antibodies
c. Antiherpes antibodies
d. Anti-CMV antibodies
Question 29 A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with tinea corporis following development of lesions on the non-hairy parts of his face, trunk, and limbs. A common source of this condition is a:
a. Kitten
b. Pet bird
c. Hamster
d. Horse
Question 30 A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinician recalls this disorder is related to:
a. Infection
b. Trauma
c. Autoimmunity
d. Cancer
Question 31 A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip. Upon returning home, she hugs her father, and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing?
a. IgE-mediated
b. Tissue specific
c. Immune complex
d. Cell-mediated
Question 32 A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. He is at risk for developing:
a. Cholelithiasis
b. Myocarditis
c. Uric Acid
d. Liver failure
Question 33 A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:
a. Increased androgen levels
b. Decreased estrogen levels
c. Strenuous exercise
d. Excessive dietary calcium
Question 34 Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin?
a. Langerhans cells
b. Merkel cells
c. Keratinocytes
d. Melanocytes
Question 35 The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called:
a. Monarticular arthritis
b. Tophaceous gout
c. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
d. Complicated gout
Question 36 Rubella, rubeola, and roseola are common communicable diseases caused by _____ infection.
a. Viral
b. Bacterial
c. Yeast
d. Fungal
Question 37 In discoid lupus erythematosus, skin lesions may be accompanied by Raynaud phenomenon, which is manifested by:
a. Bone deformities
b. Vasospasm in the extremities
c. Arterial aneurysms
d. Venous thrombus
Question 38 The nurse would expect the occurrence of scabies to occur more commonly among children who:
a. Attend day care
b. Live in crowded, unsanitary conditions
c. Reside in rural areas
d. Reside in rural areas
Question 39 A 51-year-old male experienced severe acute gouty arthritis. Which of the following is the most common trigger for the symptoms?
a. Trauma
b. Anemia
c. High-fat foods
d. Lack of exercise
Question 40 The nurse would be correct in identifying the duration of rubella as:
a. 12 hours
b. 1 to 3 days
c. 7 days
d. 12 to 15 days