1. Compare liquids and gases with regard to their:
• shape
• volume occupied
• density
• viscosity
• compressibility.
2. (a) (i) Define dynamic viscosity and give the mathematical formula for Newton's law of viscosity.
(ii) How does kinematic viscosity differ from dynamic viscosity?
(b) Explain why viscosity is an important property in Fluid Mechanics.
(c) Name three classes of non-Newtonian fluids and explain how their viscosity is affected by factors other than temperature.
(d) What is the main difference between an ‘ideal' fluid and a ‘real' fluid?
3. (a) Often the mathematics of a problem in Fluid Mechanics is made easier if we assume the mass or area to be concentrated at a single point. What are these points known as for:
(i) mass
(ii) area?
(b) (i) Determine the centroid of the following shape (note that the circles are holes):
(ii) Determine the second moment of area of this shape and hence its radius of gyration about the axis a-a.
4. (a) What is the formula for calculating the pressure due to the height of liquid?
(b) Name two devices which make use of this formula when used for pressure measurement.