1. All of the following help to explain the presence of large numbers of expatriate American intellectuals in Europe during the 1920's EXCEPT the
A) repressive effects of Prohibition and the resurgence of conservatism in the United States
B) attraction of European cities, especially Paris, as centers of innovation and creativity
C) tradition among American writers of taking up temporary residence in Europe
D) claims of young American writers and critics that American culture was materialistic and hostile to the development of their art
E) European tradition of wealthy patrons supporting struggling American artists and writers