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explain the renal failureit is the inability of the kidneys to manufacture and excrete urine causing the waste products to accumulate in the blood
explain the nephrotic syndromea type of nephritis an inflammation of the kidneys that is characterized by low serum albumin proteinuria and swelling
explain the chronic glomerulonephritisthe repeated occurrence of acute glomerulonephritis persisting proteinuria hypertension and chronic renal
explain the creatinine clearance test it determines how efficiently the kidneys are clearing creatinine from the blood and serves as an estimate of
explain the urine creatinine testthis test measures the amount of creatinine in urine a measurement of the serum creatinine level is often used to
explain the serum creatinine testcreatinine is a breakdown product of creatine an important component of muscle a serum creatinine test measures the
explain the blood urea nitrogen bunit is a test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood urea is formed in the liver as an end product
explain the renal function testsrenal function tests are the common tests and procedures used to evaluate renal function and for this the analysis of
explain the porphyrins in the urineporphyrins a group of compounds containing the porphin structure four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges
explain the hormones in the urineincreased or decreased production of a hormone in the body alters the amount of hormone or its degraded products
observing changes of position of the earth with respect to the sunmark a line on the floor or the wall where the sun shines in your room note the
define the electrolytes in urineelectrolytes estimation of urine chloride sodium potassium is of significant importance when the electrolyte balance
observing sun spotsuse the telescope that you made in a last experiment set it up so that it points directly at the sun and focus it so that a clear
define the levels of drugs in urinelevels of alcohol and barbiturates a group of drugs derived from barbituric acid that is used to sedate to control
define creatinine in urinecreatinine it is an end-product of protein metabolism an anhydride of creatine found in the blood and urine that can be
define creatine in urinenormal urine contains little or no creatine some may be found during menstruation pregnancy and childhood urine creatine is
illustrating an eclipse of the sunhold a small coin a few inches from one eye and close the other eye while looking at the lighted electric bulb on
define the amount of calcium in urinenormally i00 to 300 mg of calcium is excreted in the urine daily urine calcium is low in intestinal
explain the bile pigments and salts in urinethe bile pigment bilirubin a pigment formed from the destruction of red blood cells is altered in the
determine the amount of amino acids in urinenormal urine contains only small amount of certain amino acids for example glycine and glutamine abnormal
explain the special examination of urinethe special examination requires the determination of various chemical substances in the urine including
explain the microscopical examination of urineby microscopical examination the pus cells rbc and cast cells are found if the infection is present
explain ketonesthe ketone bodies accumulate in the blood in impaired glucose metabolism as in starvation and diabetes mellitus the high levels of
explain the amount of glucose in urinedetectable amount of glucose is only found in the urine when the blood level exceeds a certain threshold value