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the role of expectation of winning the election the role of expectation of possibility of winning the election and of policy convergence on choice of
state the policies of convergenceexplained here in the simplest case with assumption that there is full representation of voters information is
illustrate the example for policy convergencesuppose there are two candidates with known positions policy proposal pa and policy proposal pb
information in agenda settingwhat information how and when reaches to voters to proposal is also a detrimental factor in policy process the degree to
state about the median voter theorempercentage of vote necessary for a proposal to be adopted remember median voter theorem will affect the difficult
determine the term - cyclic majority votingthe cyclic majority voting a problem first recognized by marquis de condorcet in 1785 the indeterminacy of
discuss the role of agend setting in policy processin policy process agenda setting plays a vital role it helps determine what policies are chosen
describe about the policy agenda settingagenda setting under direct democracy agenda setting concerns to the rules on the grounds of which policy
how to solve multiple equilibria problem the approach of equilibrium selection to solve multiple equilibria problem aims to retain the definition of
state the definition of equilibriumthe approach of equilibrium refinements aims at strengthening the definition of equilibrium itself in order to
brief theoretical conceptualization of multiple equilibriawe now come to a brief theoretical conceptualization which may give us a basis for
explain the term - policy changethe role of the policy entrepreneur has several implications for our understanding of the policy process while social
determine the role of policy entrepreneursthese couplings are made kingdon argues that policy entrepreneurs brokers or middlemen known as policy
discuss about the three streams there come times however when these three streams are joined an event in the political stream such as a change in
describe the separate streams of problems and policies the separate streams of problems policies and politics each have lives of their own problems
what are the consensus in the political stream political events move along at their own pace and according to their own dynamics and rules
define the term - policy elitesa community of policy activists having somehow a dominant position in policy process called policy elites they are
define the outer boundaries of policy choicethe agenda proper tends to be set by political forces and actors located outside of the researcheranalyst
determine the central feature of politicsindeed this manipulation is a central feature of politics problem definition is the active manipulation of
define the term - social attainment and economic growthmany problems can also be seen either as private problem for those who experience them or as
describe the social conditions of multiple streamssocial conditions that are not defined as problems and for which alternatives are never proposed
determine the agenda-setting process the agenda is the list of subjects or problems to which government officials and people outside of government
state the linkages between policy research and policy decisionsthe linkages between policy research and analysis and policy decisions are complex and
determine the kinds of advocacy tactics the kinds of advocacy tactics employed by policy entrepreneurs in setting agendas and generating support for
define the term - authoritative government decisionwe can sum up by way of saying that the intent to implement a policy is not the same thing as a