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q describe false negaive testswhen patients are found to have significant coronary narrowing and fail to have exercise induced st depression they
dose-scaling toxicological equivalent doses in animals and humans are a debatable issue the joint faoiwho expert committee on food additives jecfa
q explain false positive testsas st depression has been equated with cad patients with this finding who have less than a critical coronary narrowing
q silent myocardial ischaemiaansthis deals primarily with those who have never had symptoms recognized as being of cardiac origin others who have had
dose-response extrapolationin order to be compared to human exposure levels the animal data need to be extrapolated to doses much lower than those
q corelation of st depressoin with coronary angiographyvarious investigators considered 1 mm of horizontal or downsloping st depression to denote a
structure-activity relationshipsstructure-activity relationships may be useful to increase the weight-of-evidence or human health hazards
q define myocardial infraction and stress testingprediction of disease is one of the primary functions of stress testing we would like to be able to
in-vitro studiesmechanistic data might be supplemented by data from in-vitro studies like as information on genotoxicity
q explain third degree atrioventricular blockin older patients with known or suspected cad third degree heart block at rest should be a relative
animal studiesmost toxicological data for risk assessment are derived from the animal studies and it is therefore essential that these
q rate related bundle branch blockthe term has often implied the absence of significant coronary or myocardial pathology it cannot be judged without
epidemiological studiesthe use of available data from the positive epidemiological studies in the risk assessment is encouraged data
q what do you mean by congenital long qt syndromethere is a rare group of young patients who suddenly pass out due to a spontaneous ventricular
q define left posterior hemiblockbobbna and associated reported four cases in which they proposed that the left posterior hemi block was initiated
hazard identificationwe start the process of risk assessment by first identifying the hazard the goal of hazard identification is to
q what is av block first degree av block at rest commonly disappears with exercise owing to the vagal withdrawal the development of a prolonged pq
what is the goal of risk assessmentthe goal of risk assessment is to provide risk managers who might be for example government
q what do ypu know about conduction disturabancesduring exercise there is an increase in the sympathetic drive and a withdrawal of vagal tone
q explain reproducibility of venricular ectopy experimentally it has been shown that pvcs are frequently seen at the inception of acute ischaemia
explain hazard identificationhazard identification is the identification of biological chemical and physical agents capable of causing
q can you explain ventricular tachycardiathe term is usually reserved for at least four or more beats and modified by the term non sustained short
q what do you mean by st-segment in exercise induced pvcansover the years it has been believed that repolarization in ventricular ectopic
define risk assessmentrisk assessment has been described as the process of organizing information concerning a
as the heart rapidly slows during recovery from exercise pvcs commonly occur and usually have no clinical significance this may be a time when