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Give a general overview of the steps involved in transcription and RNA processing including the purposes of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II requiring general transcription factors to initiate transcrip
Why are there 48 (humans) different tRNAs for 61 codons and only 20 aminoacyl-tRNA-synthases coupling these 48 (humans) tRNAs
If glucose labelled at the C-1 position with 14C passes through glycolysis, on which carbon of pyruvate will the radiolabel be found
How are virus particles assembled. Where do they get proteins for the nucleocapsid and proteins embedded in the envelope.
All of the intermediates in the glycolytic pathway are phosphorylated. Give three plausible reasons why this might be advantageous to the cell.
Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by a recessive autosomal allele. If a woman and her husband are both carriers, what is the probability that their first child will be a phenotypically
in snap dragons, yellow flower is not completely dominant over white, the heterozygous condition produces pale-yellow flowers. what will be the the result of a cross between two pale-yellow flowered p
the area fraction associated with membrane protein in the RBC (diameter = 8 micrometer) membrane is roughly 23% while the lipids take up 77%.
diagram a cross between a male with blood type AB and a female with type AB blood. Give both the genotypic and phenotype ratios for the offspring.
compare and contrast how is the speciation is determined at the population, genetic, and epi genetic level
Restriction enzyme HinfI cleaves a five nucleotide DNA sequence GA(A/T)TC. The ambiguity in the central position - (A/T) - means that either A or T can occur in the cleavage site.
Adenine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. What percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine
What are bypass polymerases. How do they differ from the replicative polymerases. How do their special features facilitate their role in DNA repair.
hypercholesterlemia is a genetic diease that affects 1 out of 500 people worldwide. this is more that one genetic cause of the disease. Class 1 is described as an autosome dominant disease.
In the signal transduction lecture, we established that the BCR-ABL translocation creates a membrane bound receptor with constitutive kinase activity. What defect is associated with this oncogenic m
List two plants from an arid environment that have very small leaves (relative to plant size). Why would small leaves be beneficial to these plants. List a plant from an arid environment with no lea
That becomes the embryo and the new plant. Mitochondria and plastids that become chloroplasts are passed primarily from the female parent. What feature of the male or female gametophytes accounts fo
A wrongly folded form of protein in brain cells which can cause diseases such as chronic wasting disease in deer and elk is the result of A) bacteria B) viruses C) retroviruses D) prions
The recombination frequency between linked genes A and B is 40%; between B and C, 20%; between C and D, 10%; between C and A, 20%; between D and B, 10%. What is the sequence of the genes on the chr
An allotetraploid plant with 2n = 30 is backcrossed to one of its progenitor species that has an n = 8. A sterile progeny is produced. How many chromosomes will this sterile individual possess
Redraw the graph above, adding the KE that is used to recharge ADP + Pi and label the source of KE. Draw the energy graph that generates the KE for recharging ADP + Pi.
In a population of 500 individuals, 25% show the recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant and heterozygous for this trait
In certain African countries, 4% of the newborn babies have sickle cell anemia, which is a recessive trait. Out of a random population of 1,000 newborn babies, how many would you expect for each of
Red wolves, which are rare, can mate with coyotes, which are not rare, and produce hybrids upon reaching sexual maturity. For the sake of argument, we will call the hybrids "wolyotes".
Explain how the poly(A) binding protein that binds to the poly(A) tails located in the 3' end of an mRNA can play a key role in an mRNA degradation pathway that proceeds from the 5' end of an mRNA i