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Describe gastrulation in general terms (not molecules involved) and the role it plays in the formation of the three germ layers; include a discussion of the blastocoel. In Xenopus.
Does transcription occur prior to MBT? What are the pieces of evidence that suggest and or prove that there is or is not preMBT transcription?
Question 1: Briefly explain the principle of spectrophotometry. Question 2: Ultraviolet light causes what type of DNA lesion? a. Large deletions b. Deaminated cytosines c. Depurinations d. Pyrimidine
Question 1: RNA polymerase has a higher error rate than DNA polymerase. Why is this relatively low fidelity of RNA polymerase not too harmful to the cell's ability to function properly? Question 2:
Question 1: Explain catalytic mechanisms involved in lysozyme's action. Question 2: A good covalent catalyst is very nucleophilic and forms a good leaving group. Which amino acids could serve this f
Question 1: What are the pros and cons of food irradiation? Question 2: What are the consequences when a diabetic patient is deficient in B12?
When RBCs are eaten by phagocytes in the liver, the hemoglobin is broken down. What happens to the iron? What happens to the globin(protien)? What happens to the heme?
Question 1: Describe an ecosystem where you might find both of these organisms(methanogens and methylotrophs). Question 2: How is starvation a positive experience for bacteria?
Question 1: Differentiate the ATP yields of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in prokaryotes by describing the steps where yields may differ. Question 2: Describe the ecological significance of meth
Question 1: How are some species of halobacterium able to generate ATP via proton in the absence of electron transport Question 2: Which of the following properties are not found in both facilitated d
Explain how the environment in the ER of a eukaryotic cell differs from the cytoplasmic environment and the significance of these differences in recombinant protein expression.
Define Metabolism. Name and describe the two types of metabolic reactions that occur in our bodies. Which one is endergonic and which one is exergonic? Based on your descriptions of the two types of
Question 1: How many nucleotides would be expected for a gene coding for a protein with 215 amino acids? Question 2: Define a "motor unit" and descibe the different "innervation to muscle fibers" re
When is chemotaxis deleterious to our body and why? Which of the following properties are not found in both facilitated diffusion transporters and gated channels? A. They are saturable B. They are spe
What is the relationship between microorganisms and Fate and Transport? If you don't believe there is one please explain why. Do these factors impact bioremediation of contaminants in soil and sedim
Question 1: What is the status of the effort to eradicate polio? What problems have been encountered? Question 2: Can ultraviolet radiation harm RNA viruses?
Why do muscles perform better when warmed up? What are endogenous viruses? Name two examples of endogenous viruses and the concerns or advantages these provide for their host.
Describe the process of translation and note where chloramphenical will halt the process and where the new protein will be located at the time of inhibition.
Explain how a "graded potential" signals to a neighboring neuron to create a "Inhibitory Post Synaptic Polarization". Please include the following terms: Ca2+, neurotransmitter, G-protein.
Ventricles contract after the atria because: a. conduction velocity is slow in the atrio-ventricular node b. myosin molecules in the ventricles are faster than in the atria c. Purkinje fibers do not c
Question 1: Outline the process of how glucose is converted to ATP. Question 2: Why is it important than when no lactose is present the lac operon is still transcribed at a low but nonzero level?
Question 1: How many different combinations of chromatids are possible during the early phases of anaphase in meiosis II? Question 2: Consider a diploid cell that contains 14 pairs of chromosomes. Eac
What conditions promote germination of bacterial endospores? In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplamic reticulum: a) Forms transverse (T) tubules b) is similar to the Golgi complex c)contains extracellular
What is the purpose of a mutation accumulation (MA) experiment experiment? How would you design it? Explain how mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift operate during the course of an MA exp
Describe two different population genetic scenarios under which natural selection is not expected to achieve perfect adaptation. For each scenario, explain what population genetic mechanisms are ope