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What the last definition of pasteurization according to FDA (2005).List 20 antimicrobials used in food manufacturing and specify the maximum allowance
Effect of anoxic water to bacteria.Some species of bacteria that live at the surface of sediment on the bottom of lakes are facultative anaerobes
Why would spices have anti-microbial properties?Would the spices in #2 have different effects on bacterial vs. fungi
What is the correct order for the taxons of life from most general to most specific?
The diagnosis of tuberculosis is aided by . Observation of cells with bipolar staining in the blood.
Antibodies produced against bacterial pili would inhibit
What is the hypothesis for the solution to the problem? (What organism do you think caused the problem)
Distinguish clearly between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, giving examples of each type of cell cell (be thorough and organized in your response).
Which drug is more effective against bacteria? Why?Which drug is more effective against viruses? Why?
Describe how DNA serves as genetic information.Describe the process of DNA replication.
How can you make E.coli cells competent so that they can be transformed?What is the appearance of transformed bacterial colonies?
Define natural competency?What is a serial dilution?
Calculation of Transformation Efficiency.You add 10 ng of pGEM to 50 ul of competent cells, and then dilute this into a total of 1 ml
Discussion of general bacterial and fungal characteristics.Bacteria have three basic recognizable shapes. Name and describe the shapes
What is the standard treatment for most bacterial diarrheas?Outline the determinants of infectious disease as it relates to an organism
Explain the characteristics of the bacterial family that is able to symbiotically-fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Discuss the impact of chronic sequelae with Campylbacter as an example.
Compare and contrast the mechanisms of pathogenicity developed by foodborne enteropathagenic E. coli, Salmonella
Define the term "quorum sensing" and describe (at the cellular/biochemical level) the mechanism by which microbes participate in this phenomenon.
Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis
Letter to the Editor - Gram Stain Response for Microbiology.In 1884, Hans Christian Gram described a method of staining bacterial cells
Explain what is meant by an enteric pathogen as opposed to enteric bacilli.
Why might the direct and variable counts of a suspension disagree?You dilute an original sample 1:30. You then count the number of yeast in the 1:30 dilution
How many colony forming units do you expect to count on your plate the next day?What is the average size of a yeast cell?
Explain the use of indicator organisms in water management.What are the three stages for identification of coli-forms in a water sample?