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industrial chemistry bulk inorganic chemicalsit shows a selection of the major inorganic chemicals that are defined in annual quantities of many
origin and abundance of the elementsthe synthesis of elements needs nuclear reactions of which the most important type is the fusion of two light
actinium and the actinidesfollowing actinium group 3 are the 14 components of the actinide series represented by the symbol an combined with
lanthanum and the lanthanides the lanthanides are 14 components following lanthanum in the periodic table and associated with the filling
ligand field theorythe five d orbitals with distinct values of the magnetic quantum number m have the similar energy in a free atom or ion. in any
transition metals are substances of the d block that form compounds where electrons from d orbitals are ionized or otherwise accept in bonding.
group 12 zinc cadmium and mercury group 12 substance have the electron design n-1d10ns2 with n4 5 and 6 for zn cd and hg respectively. they
group 2 alkaline earths the elements known commonly as alkaline earths have atoms with the ns2 design and almost always have the 2 oxidation
group 1- alkali metalsthe elements of group 1 are commonly known as alkali metals after the alkaline properties of their hydroxides such as naoh. the
nobel gaseswith their closed-shell electron design the noble gas elements of group 18 were long regarded as chemically inert. however in 1962
sulfur selenium and telluriumthe elements known commonly as the chalcogens are in the same group 16 as oxygen. they form some compounds same to those
oxygenoxygen is the second most electronegative substance after fluorine and forms thermodynamically stable compounds with usually all elements. it
carbon silicon and germaniumwith the valence electron configuration s2p2 the nonmetallic group of elements 14 may form compounds with four
boronthe only nonmetallic element in group 13 boron has a strong tendency to covalent bonding. its lonely complex structural chemistry arises from
hydrogenhydrogen is the natural element in the universe and is a major constituent of stars. it is relatively much less common on earth but
reduction formulaescript for introductionfirst let us know what is meant by reduction formula.in simple
three dimensional geometryintorductionin earlier classes we studied about the coordinates in two planes that is the xy plane. here we are going to
fast reactions are those reactions that occur instantaneously. a fast reaction depends upon the reaction rates. these reactions are so fast that they
the gas constant also known as the universal usually denoted by symbol r is a physical constant which is
elasticity is defined as the ability of a solid to return to its original shape even after being expanded or contracted. elasticity is termed as the
properties of ethyl alcoholphysical propertiesit is a colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic smell.its boiling point is 351kit is neutral
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbonsthe compounds of carbon and hydrogen in which carbon atoms are linked to each other by single covalent bondsc-c
versatile nature of carbon-catenationthe chemical compounds can be mainly classified into two main categories. these are organic and inorganic.more
carbon an essential constituent of all organic compoundsthe word organic means to organs of both plants and animals and organic chemistry is the
carbon and its compoundscarbon is a typical non-metal present in earths crust to the extent of 002 by mass.all living organisms contain carbon and