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what is manifest squint heterotropiamanifest squint is a deviation of one eye from the normal position when the fusion reflex is present the
state about the latent squint diseaselatent squint is seen commonly as exophoria in infancy and presbyopic age and esophoria in childhood
determine the categories of latent squintlatent squint category there are five subtypes1 esophoria2 exophoria3 hypophoria4
explain the term- latent squint anisophoria or heterophoria this eye condition occurs when the balance of extra-ocular muscles is altered there is a
how is absorption occurred in fibre materialabsorption is associated to the fibre material it is caused by three diverse mechanisms which area
what are basic attenuation mechanisms in a fibrethe fundamental attenuation mechanisms into a fibre are as followsa absorptionb scattering mie and
what is attenuationattenuationattenuation is a reduction within the amplitude and intensity of a signal this is a significant property into optical
what is intramodal dispersion in optical fibresintramodal dispersion deltataumatintramodal dispersion is nothing although material dispersion the
what are the abnormalities of gaze normal gaze is when visual axes both eyes are parallel in primary gaze when visual axes are not parallel in
laws governing ocular movements herings law of equal innervation states that equal and simultaneous innervation flows from the brain to yoke muscles
state the versions of binocular movementsversions are movements of both eyes in the same directiona dextroversions movements of both eyes tothe right
how can time delay between the different modes be reducedthe time delay between the various modes can be reduced whena the rays traveling off axis to
determine the binocular movementsbinocular movements are those when the relative movements of both eyes are studied together in the directions eg
state the uni-ocular movements in each eye for every movement there is an agonist antagonist and a synergist an agonist is the main muscle that is
what is the axes of fickthe axes of fick show that any eye position can be specified as the amount of rotation around a set of axes fixed in the
define about the listing planelisting proposed that only horizontal movements of the eye are performed around a vertical axis
determine the uni-ocular movementsuni-ocular movements are the movements of one eye studied at a time that means when left eye
explain about the obliques musclesthe superior and inferior oblique muscles form an angle of about 510 with the optical axis the oblique muscles
describe the planes of musclesthe planes of superior and inferior recti in primary position form an angle of about 230 with the y-axis therefore the
state about the recti and oblique muscles the extra-ocular muscles are mainly involved in the maintenance of postural tonicity and performance of
extra-ocular muscles there are as you know six extra-ocular muscles out of these four are rectistraight and two are oblique they control the position
determine about the visual axes of eyesin normal eyes the visual axes are parallel to each other in the primary position of gaze this position is
describe about the extra-ocular musclesthe eye is comprised of extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles the extra-ocular muscles are comprised of 4
where do the two neuronal pathways diverge for both the neuronal pathways ie light reflex and near reflex the efferent fibres go to are 3rd cranial
what is the swinging flashlight test used forit is done to check the relative afferent pupillary defect in an eye that is blind from optic nerve