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foreign institutional investmentforeign investment flows in the balance of payments bop comprise fdi flows and portfolio flows the
fixed versus floating exchange ratesto begin with we will briefly review the balance of payments bop table of a nation that you studied in the
foreign direct investment and developmentin neo-classical economic theory fdi involves the movement of capital from capital abundant to
financing of the external payments deficitthe trend in indias widening cad during the second half of the eighties both in absolute terms
trade and developmentin the earlier units of this block you have learnt about the trade policy from historical perspective and the recent shift in
liberalisation of capital account and convertibility issuebroadly speaking and irrespective of sector specificity a liberalised system is one
sustainability of current account deficittheoretically speaking a current account deficit can be sustained as long as the growth rate of national
issues related to balance of paymentsit is to be remembered that the indian economy witnessed varying intensities of bop problem during 1956-9
determinants of balance of paymentsbroadly speaking trend behaviour of merchandise exports and imports along with their terms of trade
bop on capital accountbop on capital account shows only export and import of capital and the difference between the two represents
component of balance paymentbop is a statement that summarises all the economic transactions between residents individuals companies
explaining balance of paymentsfirst with the second oil shock of 1979-80 and doubling of indias import bill along with dismal
trade policywe are now in a position to sum up our analysis of indias trade policy first indias trade policy has always been very intricately related
regional trading arrangementsyou have seen in earlier units that india has been playing an active role in wto discussions while hong kong wto
trade in services - strategic considerationsindia has emerged as a major exporter of services bringing about a change in our negotiating position at
trade-fdi nexuseconomic liberalization promotes both trade and fdi fdi could be export-promoting import substituting or import enhancing depending
trade and economic growthfor a long time academic debate on trade liberalization and its positive effects on growth rate remained inconclusive and
composition and direction of tradethe impact of trade reforms can be observed from the changing structure of indias foreign trade in
growth of tradeas far as the growth of exports and imports are concerned it is evident from table 172 that india has performed better
trends of trade sharesindias share in total world exports in 1950 was 185 percent and the share in total world imports was 17 1 percent the share of
exchange rate managementfollowing two stage devaluation of the indian rupee in quick succession in july 1991 the government introduced
export promotion measureswhile a number of existing export promotion schemes such as incentive related to duty free replenishment
institutional setting for trade policy formulationwhile the ministry of commerce has the main responsibility of formulating indias trade policy it
tariffs and non-tariff barriersa significant aspect of the trade reforms of the 1990s was the reduction in the then prevailing very high import
components of trade policyexternal sector reforms beginning with 1991 included dismantling of trade restrictions along with tariff